AP Chemistry Acid Base Basics

Front

What is an acid?

Back

An acid is a substance that donates protons (H⁺ ions) in a solution and has a pH less than 7.

Front

What is a base?

Back

A base is a substance that accepts protons (H⁺ ions) or donates hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in a solution and has a pH greater than 7.

Front

What is the pH scale?

Back

The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic), with 7 being neutral.

Front

What is a strong acid?

Back

A strong acid is an acid that completely dissociates in solution, releasing all of its protons.

Front

What is a weak acid?

Back

A weak acid is an acid that partially dissociates in solution, resulting in a lower concentration of hydronium ions.

Front

What is the formula for calculating pH?

Back

pH = -log[H⁺], where [H⁺] is the concentration of hydrogen ions in moles per liter.

Front

What is titration?

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Titration is a laboratory method used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base by reacting it with a solution of known concentration.

Front

What is the equivalence point in titration?

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The equivalence point is the point in a titration where the amount of titrant added is stoichiometrically equivalent to the amount of analyte in the solution.

Front

What is the difference between a concentrated acid and a dilute acid?

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A concentrated acid has a high amount of solute (acid) in a given volume of solution, while a dilute acid has a low amount of solute.

Front

What is the neutralization reaction?

Back

A neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base that produces water and a salt.