AP Biology Unit 4 Cell Cycle and Cell Communication

Front

What is a ligand?

Back

A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein, initiating a cellular response.

Front

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

Back

S phase.

Front

What occurs during late anaphase of mitosis?

Back

A clear area in the center of the cell is observed as chromosomes are pulled apart.

Front

What does apoptosis mean?

Back

Programmed cell death.

Front

How can cells communicate with one another?

Back

Cells can communicate via chemical messengers, hormones, and gap junctions.

Front

What is the role of a receptor protein?

Back

To bind to specific ligands and initiate a cellular response.

Front

What is the function of second messengers in cell signaling?

Back

They relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell.

Front

What happens during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

Back

The cell grows and synthesizes proteins necessary for DNA replication.

Front

What is the significance of the G2 phase?

Back

The cell continues to grow and prepares for mitosis, ensuring all DNA is replicated.

Front

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Back

Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse gametes.