T1 | L3 | SCIENTIFIC MODELS, THEORIES AND LAWS.🍎⚖️⚛️

Front

Scientific Models

Back

Imagine models like a mini-version of something complex, helping us understand and visualize things we can’t easily see.

Examples: Like how planets orbit the sun or the structure of atoms or the globe of the Earth. 

Big things are made very small (the globe) and very small things are made bigger (the atom)

Front

Scientific Theories

Back

• Theories are like detailed explanations for why things happen the way they do in nature.

• They are supported by evidence and

• help us predict future events. 

• Examples: The theory of gravity explains why we stay grounded on Earth.

Front

Scientific Laws

Back

• Laws are rules that describe what happens under certain conditions.

• They tell us what we can expect.

• Examples: The law of conservation of energy, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be transferred or transformed.

• The laws usually have a mathematical formula to represent them.

Front

Hypotheses

Back

• A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.

• It is testable and can be supported or refuted through experimentation.

• Example: If plants receive more sunlight, then they will grow taller.

Front

Scientific Observations

Back

• Observations are noticing and recording events or phenomena.

• They can be qualitative (descriptive) or quantitative (numerical).

• Example: The sky is blue (qualitative) or There are 10 birds in the tree (quantitative).

Front

Experiments

Back

• Experiments are controlled tests to investigate hypotheses.

• They help us determine cause and effect.

• Example: Testing the effect of fertilizer on plant growth.

Front

Variables

Back

• Variables are factors that can change in an experiment.

• They can be independent (manipulated) or dependent (measured).

The controlled/fixed variables are the factors remain the same.

• Example: In a study on plant growth, the amount of water given is the independent variable.

Front

Control

Back

• A control group is a standard for comparison in an experiment.

• It does not receive the experimental treatment.

• Example: In the Bicarb and vinegar experiment we discussed, a Control would have been a bottle with the same bicarb and water solution that received NO vinegar.

Front

Data Analysis

Back

• Data analysis involves interpreting and making sense of collected data.

• It helps us draw conclusions from our experiments.

• Example: Using graphs to visualize the relationship between variables.

Front

Scientific Method

Back

• The scientific method is a systematic approach to inquiry.

• It involves making observations, forming a hypothesis, conducting experiments, and drawing conclusions.

• Example: Using the scientific method to test the effects of different fertilizers on plant growth.