Experimental versus Observational Study

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What is an observational study?

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An observational study is a type of research where the researcher observes and records behavior or outcomes without manipulating any variables. It does not involve any intervention.

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What is an experiment?

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An experiment is a research method where the researcher manipulates one or more variables to determine their effect on a dependent variable. It often involves a control group and random assignment.

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Identify the key difference between observational studies and experiments.

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The key difference is that experiments involve manipulation of variables, while observational studies do not.

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Example of an observational study:

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A study that examines the relationship between smoking and lung cancer by observing patients without intervening.

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Example of an experiment:

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A study where participants are given different doses of a medication to test its effectiveness on reducing symptoms.

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What is a control group?

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A control group is a group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment or intervention, used as a benchmark to measure the effects of the treatment.

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What is random assignment in experiments?

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Random assignment is the process of assigning participants to different groups in an experiment randomly, ensuring that each participant has an equal chance of being placed in any group.

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Why are observational studies useful?

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Observational studies are useful for identifying correlations and patterns in data when experiments are not feasible or ethical.

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What is a dependent variable?

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A dependent variable is the outcome or response that is measured in an experiment to see if it is affected by the independent variable.

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What is an independent variable?

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An independent variable is the variable that is manipulated or changed in an experiment to observe its effect on the dependent variable.