Nat 5 - Homologous Series and Hydrocarbons

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What is a homologous series?

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A family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties.

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What pattern is observed in the physical properties of a homologous series?

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There is a general increase in melting and boiling points due to increasing strength of intermolecular forces as molecular size increases.

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What are hydrocarbons?

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Compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms.

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What are saturated compounds?

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Compounds containing only single carbon–carbon bonds.

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What are unsaturated compounds?

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Compounds containing at least one carbon–carbon double bond.

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How can you distinguish between saturated and unsaturated compounds?

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Using bromine solution; unsaturated compounds decolourise bromine solution quickly.

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What are isomers?

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Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.

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What are the characteristics of alkanes?

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Alkanes are a homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons, commonly used as fuels, insoluble in water, and can be represented by the general formula CnH2n+2.

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What are cycloalkanes?

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A homologous series of saturated, cyclic hydrocarbons used as fuels and solvents, insoluble in water, and can be represented by the general formula CnH2n.

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What are alkenes?

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A homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons used to make polymers and alcohols, insoluble in water, containing the C=C double bond functional group, and can be represented by the general formula CnH2n.