Defining & Non-defining Relative clauses

A defining relative clause provides essential information about a noun, helping to identify which person or thing we are talking about. It cannot be removed without changing the meaning of the sentence.

A non-defining relative clause adds extra information about a noun that is not essential to identify it. It can be removed without changing the meaning of the sentence and is usually set off by commas.

The relative pronouns used for people are 'who' and 'that'.

The relative pronouns used for things are 'which' and 'that'.

The relative pronoun 'where' is used to refer to a place.

The relative pronoun 'when' is used to refer to a time.

No, 'that' cannot be used in non-defining relative clauses; 'who' or 'which' should be used instead.

Non-defining relative clauses are set off by commas.

The book that I borrowed from you is fascinating.

My brother, who lives in New York, is visiting us next week.