Hypothesis testing

Front

What is the null hypothesis (H0) in hypothesis testing?

Back

The null hypothesis (H0) is a statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it serves as the default assumption that is tested against an alternative hypothesis.

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What is the alternative hypothesis (Ha) in hypothesis testing?

Back

The alternative hypothesis (Ha) is a statement that indicates the presence of an effect or a difference, and it is what the researcher aims to support.

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What is a Type I Error in hypothesis testing?

Back

A Type I Error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true.

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What is a Type II Error in hypothesis testing?

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A Type II Error occurs when the null hypothesis is not rejected when it is actually false.

Front

What does the significance level (α) represent in hypothesis testing?

Back

The significance level (α) is the probability of making a Type I Error, commonly set at 0.05 or 0.01.

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When should you use a t-test instead of a z-test?

Back

A t-test should be used when the sample size (n) is less than 30 and/or when the population standard deviation is unknown.

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What is the first step in conducting a hypothesis test?

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The first step is to state the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (Ha).

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What is the purpose of a hypothesis test?

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The purpose of a hypothesis test is to determine whether there is enough evidence in a sample to infer that a certain condition holds for the entire population.

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What does it mean to 'fail to reject' the null hypothesis?

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Failing to reject the null hypothesis means that there is not enough evidence to support the alternative hypothesis.

Front

What is a p-value in hypothesis testing?

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A p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.