Hypothesis Testing WS # 1

Front

What is a null hypothesis (H₀)?

Back

The null hypothesis (H₀) is a statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it serves as the default assumption in hypothesis testing.

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What is an alternative hypothesis (H₁ or Hₐ)?

Back

The alternative hypothesis (H₁ or Hₐ) is a statement that indicates the presence of an effect or a difference, opposing the null hypothesis.

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How do you state a null hypothesis for a proportion?

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A null hypothesis for a proportion is typically stated as H₀: p = p₀, where p is the true proportion and p₀ is the hypothesized value.

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How do you state an alternative hypothesis for a proportion?

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An alternative hypothesis for a proportion can be stated as Hₐ: p > p₀, Hₐ: p < p₀, or Hₐ: p ≠ p₀, depending on the research question.

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What does it mean if a hypothesis test is one-tailed?

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A one-tailed hypothesis test is used when the alternative hypothesis specifies a direction of the effect (greater than or less than).

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What does it mean if a hypothesis test is two-tailed?

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A two-tailed hypothesis test is used when the alternative hypothesis does not specify a direction, indicating that the effect could be either greater than or less than.

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What is the significance level (α) in hypothesis testing?

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The significance level (α) is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true, commonly set at 0.05.

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What is a p-value in hypothesis testing?

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A p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.

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What does it mean to reject the null hypothesis?

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Rejecting the null hypothesis means that there is sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis.

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What does it mean to fail to reject the null hypothesis?

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Failing to reject the null hypothesis means that there is not enough evidence to support the alternative hypothesis.