AP Bio: Unit 4 (CED)

Front

What is local signaling in cells?

Back

Local signaling refers to communication between cells that are in close proximity, often through direct contact or the release of signaling molecules that affect nearby cells.

Front

Define synaptic signaling.

Back

Synaptic signaling is a form of local signaling that occurs in the nervous system, where neurotransmitters are released from a neuron and bind to receptors on a target cell, facilitating communication.

Front

What is the role of reception in signal transduction?

Back

Reception is the first stage of signal transduction, where a signaling molecule binds to a receptor on a target cell, initiating a cellular response.

Front

Explain the process of transduction in signal transduction pathways.

Back

Transduction is the process that converts the signal received by the receptor into a form that can bring about a cellular response, often involving a series of molecular events.

Front

What is amplification in the context of signal transduction?

Back

Amplification refers to the process where a small number of signaling molecules can produce a large response in the target cell, often through phosphorylation cascades.

Front

Define endocrine signaling.

Back

Endocrine signaling is a type of long-distance signaling where hormones are released into the bloodstream and travel to target cells in distant organs.

Front

What is the function of glucagon in the body?

Back

Glucagon is a hormone released by the pancreas that raises blood sugar levels by promoting the breakdown of glycogen in the liver.

Front

List the phases of the cell cycle in order.

Back

The phases of the cell cycle in order are G1 (growth), S (DNA replication), G2 (preparation for division), and M (mitosis or division).

Front

What occurs during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

Back

During the G1 phase, the cell grows and carries out normal metabolic processes, preparing for DNA replication.

Front

What happens in the S phase of the cell cycle?

Back

In the S phase, DNA is replicated, resulting in two identical sets of chromosomes for the daughter cells.