Unit 5: Central Dogma of Genetics

Front

DNA has a _____________ structure.

Back

double helix

Front

Which process uses DNA to synthesize RNA?

Back

Transcription

Front

What forms the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?

Back

deoxyribose sugar and phosphate

Front

What is the relationship between a codon and an amino acid?

Back

Each codon codes for a single amino acid.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in the central dogma of genetics?

Back

It carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome.

Front

What are the three main components of a nucleotide?

Back

A phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

Back

It synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a growing chain.

Front

What is the process of translating mRNA into a protein called?

Back

Translation

Front

What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

It carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Back

It determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein.