Codons, Codon Chart, Mutations

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

Front

What does the codon chart represent?

Back

The codon chart shows the relationship between codons and the amino acids they code for.

Front

What is the role of the ribosome in protein synthesis?

Back

The ribosome reads the mRNA and assembles amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

Front

How many amino acids are there that can be coded by codons?

Back

There are 20 different amino acids that can be coded by codons.

Front

What is the process of translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information encoded in mRNA.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying DNA into mRNA, while translation is the process of converting mRNA into a protein.

Front

What are mutations?

Back

Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can affect how genes function.

Front

What is a point mutation?

Back

A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are added or deleted from the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon?

Back

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.