EOC Review #4: Protein Synthesis and Mutations

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome, where it is translated into a protein.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Front

What is an amino acid?

Back

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, linked together in a specific sequence to form a protein.

Front

What is the function of tRNA?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the codons in mRNA.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon AUG?

Back

AUG is the start codon that signals the beginning of protein synthesis and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids in a protein.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

Front

What are the types of mutations?

Back

Types of mutations include point mutations, insertions, deletions, and frameshift mutations.