Biology EOC Review

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What is a common ancestor?

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A common ancestor is an organism from which two or more species have evolved. It is a key concept in evolutionary biology.

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What is DNA?

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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What is mRNA?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.

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What is tRNA?

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tRNA (transfer RNA) is a type of RNA that helps decode mRNA sequences into proteins by bringing the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome.

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What is codominance?

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Codominance is a type of inheritance pattern where both alleles in a heterozygous individual contribute to the phenotype, resulting in a mix of both traits.

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What is incomplete dominance?

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Incomplete dominance is a type of inheritance pattern where the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes.

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What is mitosis?

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Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, maintaining the diploid state.

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What is meiosis?

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Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four haploid cells, which are gametes.

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What is a ribosome?

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A ribosome is a cellular structure that synthesizes proteins by translating mRNA into amino acid sequences.

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What is a phenotype?

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A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.