Final Exam Review

Front

What is the median in a data set?

Back

The median is the middle value when the data set is ordered from least to greatest. If there is an even number of observations, the median is the average of the two middle numbers.

Front

How do you calculate the mean of a data set?

Back

To calculate the mean, sum all the values in the data set and then divide by the number of values.

Front

What is the Empirical Rule (68-95-99.7)?

Back

The Empirical Rule states that for a normal distribution: approximately 68% of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean, 95% falls within two standard deviations, and 99.7% falls within three standard deviations.

Front

How do you find the probability of an event?

Back

Probability is calculated as the number of favorable outcomes divided by the total number of possible outcomes.

Front

What is a stratified sampling technique?

Back

Stratified sampling involves dividing a population into subgroups (strata) and then taking a sample from each stratum to ensure representation.

Front

What is the formula for calculating the probability of neither event occurring?

Back

P(neither A nor B) = 1 - P(A or B), where P(A or B) is the probability of either event A or event B occurring.

Front

What is a contingency table?

Back

A contingency table is a data table that displays the frequency distribution of variables, allowing for the analysis of the relationship between them.

Front

How do you calculate conditional probability?

Back

Conditional probability is calculated as P(A|B) = P(A and B) / P(B), where P(A|B) is the probability of event A given that event B has occurred.

Front

What is the standard deviation?

Back

Standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values. A low standard deviation indicates that the values tend to be close to the mean.

Front

What does it mean for data to be normally distributed?

Back

Data is normally distributed when it follows a bell-shaped curve, where most of the observations cluster around the central peak and probabilities for values further away from the mean taper off equally in both directions.