AS Biology Units 1 through 5 review

Front

What are the four levels of protein structure?

Back

1. Primary: sequence of amino acids. 2. Secondary: alpha helices and beta sheets. 3. Tertiary: 3D folding of a polypeptide. 4. Quaternary: assembly of multiple polypeptide chains.

Front

What is the purpose of Benedict's solution in testing for reducing sugars?

Back

Benedict's solution is used to test for the presence of reducing sugars, which will change color (from blue to green, yellow, or red) when heated with the solution.

Front

What are hexose sugars?

Back

Hexose sugars are monosaccharides with six carbon atoms, such as glucose, fructose, and galactose.

Front

What occurs during prophase in mitosis?

Back

During prophase, chromosomes condense and become visible, and the nuclear envelope begins to break down.

Front

What is the role of centromeres during mitosis?

Back

Centromeres attach to spindle microtubules, facilitating the movement of chromosomes during cell division.

Front

What elements are found in carbohydrates?

Back

Carbohydrates are composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms.

Front

What is the difference between reducing and non-reducing sugars?

Back

Reducing sugars can donate electrons to other molecules (e.g., glucose), while non-reducing sugars (e.g., sucrose) cannot.

Front

What is the significance of tertiary structure in proteins?

Back

The tertiary structure determines the protein's overall shape and function, influencing its specificity and activity.

Front

What is the function of enzymes in biological systems?

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and is double-stranded, while RNA contains ribose sugar and is usually single-stranded.