Central Tendency, Spread, and Box Plots (U5P)

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What is Central Tendency?

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Central tendency is a statistical measure that identifies a single score as representative of an entire distribution. It includes measures like mean, median, and mode.

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Define Mean.

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The mean is the average of a set of numbers, calculated by adding all the values together and dividing by the number of values.

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How to calculate the Mean?

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To calculate the mean, sum all the data points and divide by the total number of points. Example: For 9, 8, 12, 6, 10, Mean = (9+8+12+6+10)/5 = 9.

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What is Median?

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The median is the middle value in a data set when the numbers are arranged in order. If there is an even number of observations, the median is the average of the two middle numbers.

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How to find the Median?

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To find the median, arrange the data in ascending order and locate the middle value. Example: For 1, 3, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, the median is 6.

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What is Mode?

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The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set. A set of data may have one mode, more than one mode, or no mode at all.

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How to find the Mode?

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To find the mode, identify the number that occurs most often in the data set. Example: In 4, 8, 5, 17, 5, 4, 9, 5, 6, 82, the mode is 5.

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What is an Outlier?

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An outlier is a data point that differs significantly from other observations in a dataset. It can skew the results of statistical analyses.

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How to identify Outliers?

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Outliers can be identified using methods like the IQR (Interquartile Range) method or by visual inspection of box plots.

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What is a Box Plot?

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A box plot is a graphical representation of data that shows the distribution through quartiles, highlighting the median, and potential outliers.