24. Protein Synthesis: Transcription & Translation

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What is Protein Synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving two main stages: transcription and translation.

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Where does transcription occur?

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In the nucleus of the cell.

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What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

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What is a codon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

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What is the start codon for translation?

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AUG, which codes for the amino acid Methionine.

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What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

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Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, synthesizing proteins by linking amino acids together.

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What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

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DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA is single-stranded and contains the sugar ribose.

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What is transcription?

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

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What is the role of RNA polymerase?

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RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes mRNA from the DNA template during transcription.

Front

What is an anticodon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that is complementary to a codon in mRNA.