Georgia Biology Milestones EOC Review

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What is natural selection?

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Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. It is a key mechanism of evolution.

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What does it mean for an organism to be heterozygous?

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An organism is heterozygous when it has two different alleles for a specific trait, one inherited from each parent.

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What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

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Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

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What is the primary function of mitochondria in cells?

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Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, as they break down glucose molecules to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

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What is DNA fingerprinting?

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DNA fingerprinting is a biotechnology method used to identify individuals based on unique patterns in their DNA, commonly used in forensics.

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What is a product of cellular respiration?

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Water is one of the products of cellular respiration, along with carbon dioxide and ATP.

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What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

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A dominant allele is one that expresses its trait even in the presence of a recessive allele, while a recessive allele only expresses its trait when two copies are present.

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What is the role of glucose in cellular respiration?

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Glucose is the primary fuel used in cellular respiration to produce ATP, providing energy for cellular activities.

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What is the significance of genetic engineering in biotechnology?

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Genetic engineering involves altering the genetic makeup of organisms to achieve desired traits, such as disease resistance in crops.

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What is selective breeding?

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Selective breeding is the process of breeding plants or animals for specific traits, enhancing desirable characteristics in future generations.