RNA and Protein Synthesis (chpt 13 review)

Front

What is a point mutation?

Back

A point mutation involves one or a few nucleotides in the DNA sequence.

Front

How many nucleotides are in a codon that specifies one amino acid?

Back

A codon consists of 3 nucleotides.

Front

What are mutagens?

Back

Mutagens are chemicals or physical agents, like radiation, that cause changes in genetic information.

Front

What are two key differences between RNA and DNA?

Back

RNA contains ribose and is single-stranded, while DNA contains deoxyribose and is double-stranded.

Front

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Back

The central dogma is the process of information transfer: DNA -> RNA -> Protein.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process of decoding mRNA to synthesize proteins.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

Front

What is the function of tRNA?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.