5.7 Types of Statistical Studies

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What is an Experiment in statistical studies?

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An experiment is a study in which the researcher manipulates one or more variables to observe the effect on another variable, allowing for cause-and-effect conclusions.

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What is an Observational Study?

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An observational study is a type of research where the researcher observes and records behavior without manipulating any variables.

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What is a Sample Survey?

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A sample survey is a method of collecting data by asking a subset of individuals from a larger population about their opinions or behaviors.

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What is a Census?

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A census is a study that attempts to collect data from every individual in a population.

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What is a Biased Sample?

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A biased sample is a sample that does not accurately represent the population from which it is drawn, leading to skewed results.

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What is an Unbiased Sample?

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An unbiased sample is a sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the population, allowing for valid conclusions.

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What is the purpose of random assignment in experiments?

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Random assignment helps ensure that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group, reducing bias and increasing the validity of the results.

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What is the difference between independent and dependent variables?

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The independent variable is the one that is manipulated by the researcher, while the dependent variable is the outcome that is measured.

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What is a control group?

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A control group is a group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment or intervention, serving as a baseline for comparison.

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What is the significance of sample size in statistical studies?

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A larger sample size generally leads to more reliable and valid results, reducing the margin of error and increasing the confidence in the findings.