USA 4 Review

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the start codon in mRNA?

Back

The start codon is AUG, which codes for the amino acid Methionine and signals the beginning of translation.

Front

What is the function of tRNA in translation?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching its anticodon with the codon on the mRNA.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus.

Front

Where does translation occur in the cell?

Back

Translation occurs in the ribosome, where mRNA is translated into a polypeptide chain.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code being universal?

Back

The universality of the genetic code means that the same codons code for the same amino acids in almost all organisms, allowing for genetic engineering and biotechnology.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded, contains deoxyribose sugar, and uses thymine; RNA is single-stranded, contains ribose sugar, and uses uracil instead of thymine.

Front

What is the purpose of DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication ensures that each new cell receives an exact copy of the DNA during cell division.

Front

What is a complementary DNA strand?

Back

A complementary DNA strand is formed by pairing adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine, following base pairing rules.