Mendelian Genetics and DNA Fundamentals Flashcard

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What is DNA?

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DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid, which is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life.

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What are nitrogenous bases?

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Nitrogenous bases are the building blocks of DNA and RNA. They include Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

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What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

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In DNA, Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).

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What is a complementary DNA strand?

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A complementary DNA strand is the sequence of bases that pairs with a given DNA strand according to the base pairing rules.

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What did Gregor Mendel discover?

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Gregor Mendel discovered the principles of inheritance through his experiments with pea plants, establishing the concepts of dominant and recessive traits.

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What is a dominant trait?

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A dominant trait is a genetic trait that is expressed in the phenotype even when only one copy of the allele is present.

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What is a recessive trait?

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A recessive trait is a genetic trait that is only expressed in the phenotype when two copies of the allele are present.

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What is a genotype?

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A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, representing the alleles inherited from its parents.

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What is a phenotype?

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A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype.

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What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

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A Punnett square is a tool used to predict the genetic outcomes of a cross between two organisms.