Life Sci: DNA Structure and Replication

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides, which include a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine).

Front

What are the nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

The nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

Front

What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

Back

In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and cytosine pairs with guanine (C-G).

Front

What is the role of DNA helicase?

Back

DNA helicase is an enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during replication, separating the two strands.

Front

What are Okazaki fragments?

Back

Okazaki fragments are short sequences of DNA nucleotides synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

Front

What is the function of RNA primase?

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RNA primase synthesizes a short RNA primer that provides a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin DNA synthesis.

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What is the role of DNA polymerase?

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DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication.

Front

What is the function of SSB proteins?

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Single-strand binding (SSB) proteins bind to and stabilize single-stranded DNA during replication to prevent it from re-annealing.

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What is the significance of Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction images?

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Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction images provided critical evidence of the helical structure of DNA.

Front

What is the leading strand in DNA replication?

Back

The leading strand is the DNA strand that is synthesized continuously in the same direction as the replication fork.