Unit 4 DNA, Mutations, & Protein Synthesis Exam Review

Front

What is the process called when DNA is copied to form new DNA?

Back

Replication

Front

Which components of DNA are responsible for coding our traits?

Back

The nitrogenous bases (A, T, C, G)

Front

What is the process called when DNA is transcribed into mRNA?

Back

Transcription

Front

What type of mutation involves the replacement of one base with another?

Back

Substitution

Front

What amino acid does the codon UUG code for?

Back

LEUcine

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A mutation caused by insertions or deletions that shift the reading frame of the genetic code.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the sites where translation occurs, synthesizing proteins from amino acids.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Back

Transcription is the process of making mRNA from DNA, while translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.

Front

What are the three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), and rRNA (ribosomal RNA).