Georgia Biology Milestones EOC Review

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What is speciation?

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Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. It often occurs when populations are isolated and undergo genetic changes.

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What is a parasite?

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A parasite is an organism that lives on or in a host organism and gets its food at the expense of its host.

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What are macromolecules?

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Macromolecules are large, complex molecules that are essential for life, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

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What role do proteins play in biological processes?

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Proteins serve as enzymes, structural components, signaling molecules, and play critical roles in digestion and metabolism.

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

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What is a frame shift mutation?

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A frame shift mutation occurs when nucleotides are inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame of the genetic code.

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What is active transport?

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Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy.

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What is facilitated diffusion?

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Facilitated diffusion is the process of passive transport of molecules across a cell membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins.

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What is DNA fingerprinting?

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DNA fingerprinting is a technique used to identify individuals based on unique patterns in their DNA, commonly used in forensics.

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What is genetic engineering?

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Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology to alter its characteristics.