Review Solutions: Molarity, Dilutions, Solubility Curves

Molarity (M) is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It is calculated using the formula: $$M = \frac{mol}{L}$$ .

To calculate molarity, use the formula: $$M = \frac{mol \ of \ solute}{L \ of \ solution}$$ . For example, 0.0684 mol of NaCl in 3.8 L of solution has a molarity of 0.018 M.

When CaBr2 dissolves, it dissociates into three particles: one calcium ion (Ca^2+) and two bromide ions (Br^-), resulting in a total of 3 particles in solution.

Factors affecting solvation include agitation/stirring, temperature, and surface area. Adding dye does not affect solvation.

To prepare a diluted solution, use the dilution formula: $$C_1V_1 = C_2V_2$$ , where C is concentration and V is volume.

The dilution formula is $$C_1V_1 = C_2V_2$$ , where C1 and V1 are the concentration and volume of the initial solution, and C2 and V2 are the concentration and volume of the diluted solution.

100 mL of a 4M NaCl solution is required to make 1 liter of a 0.4M NaCl solution.

Generally, increasing temperature increases the solubility of solids in liquids, while the solubility of gases decreases with increasing temperature.

A solubility curve is a graph that shows the relationship between the solubility of a substance and temperature, indicating how much solute can dissolve in a solvent at various temperatures.

Compounds like NaI, MgO, and KBr are all effective in melting ice on roads when the air temperature is below zero.