AP Bio Insta-Review Topic 1.5*: Structure & Function of Macromo

Front

What is a peptide bond?

Back

A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another, releasing a molecule of water.

Front

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Back

The primary structure of a protein is the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Front

What is the secondary structure of a protein?

Back

The secondary structure refers to the local folded structures that form within a protein due to hydrogen bonding, such as alpha helices and beta sheets.

Front

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

Back

The tertiary structure is the overall three-dimensional shape of a protein, formed by interactions between R-groups of amino acids.

Front

What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

Back

The quaternary structure is the arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains into a single functional protein.

Front

What is the direction of DNA synthesis?

Back

DNA synthesis occurs in the 5' to 3' direction.

Front

What type of bond stabilizes the secondary structure of proteins?

Back

Hydrogen bonds between the backbone of the polypeptide chain stabilize the secondary structure.

Front

What is the role of R-groups in protein structure?

Back

R-groups (side chains) determine the properties of amino acids and influence the folding and function of proteins.

Front

What is the significance of the carboxyl and amino groups in amino acids?

Back

The carboxyl group (-COOH) acts as an acid, while the amino group (-NH2) acts as a base, allowing amino acids to form peptide bonds.

Front

What is an example of a protein with quaternary structure?

Back

Hemoglobin is an example of a protein with quaternary structure, consisting of four polypeptide chains.