DNA, Protein Synthesis, Mutations Review

Front

What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?

Back

DNA ligase is an enzyme that connects the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand by forming phosphodiester bonds, effectively 'gluing' the DNA backbone together.

Front

Who are the scientists credited with the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA?

Back

James Watson and Francis Crick are credited with deducing the double helix model of DNA.

Front

In which part of the cell is DNA primarily located?

Back

DNA is primarily found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Front

What does tRNA transport to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome, where they are assembled into proteins.

Front

What type of mutation occurs when there is an addition or loss of a base in the DNA sequence?

Back

A frameshift mutation occurs when there is an addition or loss of a base, altering the reading frame of the genetic code.

Front

What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Back

RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during the process of transcription.

Front

Define a mutation in the context of genetics.

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to alterations in gene function or expression.

Front

What is the difference between a substitution mutation and a frameshift mutation?

Back

A substitution mutation involves replacing one base with another, while a frameshift mutation involves the insertion or deletion of bases, shifting the reading frame.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, synthesizing proteins by linking amino acids in the order specified by mRNA.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in proteins.