Transcription and Translation

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA).

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is used to synthesize proteins.

Front

What is mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is tRNA?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) is a type of RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Front

What is an anticodon?

Back

An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that pairs with a complementary codon in mRNA.

Front

What role do ribosomes play in translation?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

Front

What is the start codon?

Back

The start codon is the first codon of mRNA that is recognized by the ribosome to begin translation, typically AUG.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in mRNA is translated into proteins, determining the amino acid sequence.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA is single-stranded and contains the sugar ribose.