DC Bio Ch. 17, 18, and 19 Review

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. It occurs in the nucleus and involves the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template.

Front

What RNA bases pair with TACGAA during transcription?

Back

AUGCUU

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the mRNA sequence as a template. It occurs in the cytoplasm.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A substitution mutation is a type of mutation where one base pair in the DNA sequence is replaced by another, potentially altering the resulting protein.

Front

What is an insertion mutation?

Back

An insertion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotide bases are added into a DNA sequence, which can lead to a frameshift and potentially alter the protein produced.

Front

What is an anticodon?

Back

An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that is complementary to a corresponding codon in mRNA, allowing for the correct amino acid to be added during translation.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Back

Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from DNA, while translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame and potentially changing all subsequent amino acids.

Front

What is the function of tRNA?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching its anticodon with the corresponding codon on the mRNA.