Protein Synthesis STAAR Q

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

Protein synthesis is the process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is transcription in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus.

Front

What is translation in protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain to form a protein.

Front

What are ribosomes?

Back

Ribosomes are cellular structures that facilitate the translation of mRNA into proteins.

Front

What is the significance of amino acids in protein synthesis?

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Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins; they are linked together in a specific sequence to form proteins.

Front

What is the genetic code?

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The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

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What are codons?

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Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids or stop signals during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the start codon?

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The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

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What are stop codons?

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Stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) signal the termination of protein synthesis, indicating that the polypeptide chain is complete.