CH225 Review - Flashcard 2

Front

What is a Newman projection?

Back

A Newman projection is a way of visualizing the conformation of a molecule by looking straight down the bond connecting two carbon atoms.

Front

What is the most stable conformation of butane?

Back

The most stable conformation of butane is the anti conformation, where the two largest groups are opposite each other.

Front

Define enantiomers.

Back

Enantiomers are pairs of molecules that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Front

What is the difference between enantiomers and diastereomers?

Back

Enantiomers are mirror images, while diastereomers are not mirror images and have different physical properties.

Front

What is a strong base?

Back

A strong base is a substance that completely dissociates in solution to produce hydroxide ions.

Front

Which base can deprotonate methanol?

Back

A strong base such as sodium hydride (NaH) can deprotonate methanol.

Front

What is the significance of steric hindrance in molecular stability?

Back

Steric hindrance refers to the repulsion between atoms that are too close to each other, affecting the stability of a conformation.

Front

Explain the term 'conformational isomerism'.

Back

Conformational isomerism is a type of stereoisomerism where molecules can rotate around single bonds to form different spatial arrangements.

Front

What is the role of hybridization in determining molecular shape?

Back

Hybridization describes the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals, which determines the geometry of the molecule.

Front

Define the term 'nucleophile'.

Back

A nucleophile is a chemical species that donates an electron pair to form a chemical bond.