DNA and RNA

Front

What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

Back

In DNA, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G).

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides, with a sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases in the center.

Front

What is the primary function of DNA?

Back

The primary function of DNA is to store and transmit genetic information.

Front

What is RNA and how does it differ from DNA?

Back

RNA (ribonucleic acid) is usually single-stranded and contains ribose sugar, while DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar.

Front

Where is DNA located in eukaryotic cells?

Back

In eukaryotic cells, DNA is primarily found in the nucleus.

Front

What is transcription in the context of DNA and RNA?

Back

Transcription is the process by which the information in a DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA sequence.

Front

What is translation in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information encoded in mRNA.

Front

What are the three types of RNA and their functions?

Back

1. mRNA (messenger RNA) - carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes. 2. tRNA (transfer RNA) - brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis. 3. rRNA (ribosomal RNA) - makes up the ribosome and helps in protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular machinery that facilitate the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain (protein).

Front

What is the significance of the 5' and 3' ends of a DNA strand?

Back

The 5' and 3' ends refer to the directionality of the DNA strand, which is crucial for processes like replication and transcription.