Biology of the Living Exam #2 Retake Review

Front

What is equilibrium in the context of molecules?

Back

Equilibrium occurs when the concentration of a molecule is equal inside and outside the cell, resulting in no net movement of the molecule across the membrane.

Front

What is the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules?

Back

Hydrophilic molecules are attracted to water and can interact with it, while hydrophobic molecules repel water and do not mix with it.

Front

What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

Back

The cell wall provides structural support and protection to plant cells, helping them maintain their shape.

Front

How do you classify a hypotonic solution?

Back

A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes compared to the inside of the cell, causing water to move into the cell.

Front

What is the role of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Back

The central vacuole stores water, nutrients, and waste products, and helps maintain turgor pressure in plant cells.

Front

Define passive transport.

Back

Passive transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy, typically along the concentration gradient.

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Front

What is the structure of a phospholipid?

Back

A phospholipid consists of a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and two hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails, forming a bilayer in cell membranes.

Front

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Back

Chloroplasts are organelles in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

Front

What is the difference between a hypertonic and hypotonic solution?

Back

A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to the inside of the cell, causing water to move out of the cell, while a hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes, causing water to move into the cell.