Biology Regents Review

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What is passive transport?

Back

Passive transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy. It relies on the concentration gradient, moving substances from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.

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What is active transport?

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Active transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane using energy, typically in the form of ATP. It moves substances against their concentration gradient, from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration.

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What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plants?

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Chloroplasts are the organelles in plant cells that convert light energy into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis, producing sugars.

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What is a food web?

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A food web is a complex network of feeding relationships among various organisms in an ecosystem, illustrating how energy and nutrients flow through the environment.

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Which organism receives the least amount of energy in a food web?

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Typically, top predators, such as hawks, receive the least amount of energy from producers because energy decreases as it moves up the trophic levels.

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What is homeostasis?

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Homeostasis is the process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

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What is gel electrophoresis?

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Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or proteins based on their size and charge, often used in genetic analysis.

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What is genetic engineering?

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Genetic engineering is the manipulation of an organism's DNA to alter its characteristics, often involving the insertion of genes from other organisms.

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What is the role of mitochondria in cells?

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Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, as they generate ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy for cellular activities.

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What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

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The cell wall provides structural support and protection to plant cells, helping to maintain their shape and prevent excessive water loss.