BIO Review - DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis

Front

What is the function of DNA?

Back

DNA stores and transmits genetic information that determines the characteristics of living organisms.

Front

What is RNA and how does it differ from DNA?

Back

RNA (ribonucleic acid) is a single-stranded molecule that plays a role in protein synthesis. Unlike DNA, RNA contains ribose sugar and uracil instead of thymine.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

Front

What amino acid is coded for by the codon AUG?

Back

Methionine (Met).

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, synthesizing proteins by linking amino acids in the order specified by mRNA.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process of converting the sequence of mRNA into a sequence of amino acids to form a protein.

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA has a double helix structure, consisting of two strands twisted around each other, with base pairs connecting the strands.

Front

What are the base pairing rules in DNA?

Back

In DNA, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G).

Front

What is the significance of hydrogen bonds in DNA?

Back

Hydrogen bonds between base pairs allow the DNA strands to separate during replication and transcription.