Review Cladograms

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What is a cladogram?

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A cladogram is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

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What do the branches in a cladogram represent?

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The branches in a cladogram represent the evolutionary pathways and relationships between different species or groups.

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What is a common ancestor in the context of cladograms?

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A common ancestor is a species from which two or more species have evolved. It is represented by a point where branches diverge in a cladogram.

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How can you determine which species are most closely related on a cladogram?

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Species that share a more recent common ancestor on a cladogram are considered to be more closely related.

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What is the significance of the length of branches in a cladogram?

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The length of branches can indicate the amount of evolutionary change or time that has occurred between species.

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What are the three domains of life?

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The three domains of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

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Which group of animals are most closely related to birds according to cladograms?

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Saurischian dinosaurs are most closely related to birds.

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What type of information can be inferred from a cladogram?

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A cladogram can provide information about the evolutionary history, relationships, and common ancestors of different species.

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What is the difference between homologous and analogous structures?

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Homologous structures are similar due to shared ancestry, while analogous structures are similar due to convergent evolution, not shared ancestry.

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How do scientists use cladograms in biology?

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Scientists use cladograms to classify organisms, understand evolutionary relationships, and study the history of life on Earth.