Final Exam: Computer Science Principles

Front

What is the time complexity of the binary search algorithm in the worst-case scenario?

Back

O(\log n)

Answer explanation

The binary search algorithm divides the search space in half with each step, leading to a logarithmic time complexity. In the worst-case scenario, it takes O(log n) time to find the target or determine its absence.

Front

Which data structure is used to implement a LIFO (Last In, First Out) system?

Back

Stack

Answer explanation

A Stack is a data structure that follows the LIFO principle, meaning the last element added is the first one to be removed. This is in contrast to a Queue, which follows FIFO (First In, First Out).

Front

In programming, what is the purpose of a loop?

Back

To execute a block of code multiple times

Answer explanation

A loop is designed to execute a block of code multiple times, allowing for repetitive tasks to be performed efficiently. This distinguishes it from executing code just once or defining variables.

Front

Which protocol is primarily used for sending emails?

Back

SMTP

Answer explanation

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is the standard protocol used for sending emails across the Internet, making it the correct choice. HTTP is for web traffic, FTP for file transfers, and TCP is a transport layer protocol.

Front

What is the main function of a firewall in cybersecurity?

Back

To block unauthorized access

Answer explanation

The main function of a firewall in cybersecurity is to block unauthorized access to or from a private network, thereby protecting sensitive data and systems from potential threats.

Front

Which of the following is a principle of data privacy? Data minimization, Data duplication, Data inflation, Data obfuscation

Back

Data minimization

Answer explanation

Data minimization is a key principle of data privacy, emphasizing that only the necessary data should be collected and retained. This reduces risks associated with data breaches and enhances user privacy.

Front

What is the impact of computing on employment?

Back

It both creates and eliminates jobs.

Answer explanation

Computing impacts employment by both creating new job opportunities in tech and related fields, while also automating tasks that can lead to job losses in traditional roles. Thus, it both creates and eliminates jobs.

Front

Which of the following is an example of a high-level programming language? Assembly, Machine Code, Python, Binary

Back

Python

Answer explanation

Python is a high-level programming language known for its readability and ease of use. In contrast, Assembly, Machine Code, and Binary are low-level languages that are closer to hardware and less abstract.

Front

What is the primary purpose of the Domain Name System (DNS)?

Back

To translate domain names into IP addresses

Answer explanation

The primary purpose of the Domain Name System (DNS) is to translate domain names into IP addresses, allowing users to access websites using easy-to-remember names instead of numerical IP addresses.

Front

Which of the following is a common method for protecting data privacy? Data sharing, Data encryption, Data deletion, Data replication

Back

Data encryption

Answer explanation

Data encryption is a common method for protecting data privacy as it transforms data into a secure format that can only be read by authorized users. This ensures that sensitive information remains confidential.