AP Stat Ch. 15 & 16 Review

Front

What is a z-score?

Back

A z-score indicates how many standard deviations an element is from the mean. It is calculated as (X - μ) / σ, where X is the value, μ is the mean, and σ is the standard deviation.

Front

How do you calculate the z-score for a given value?

Back

To calculate the z-score, subtract the mean from the value and then divide by the standard deviation: z = (X - μ) / σ.

Front

What is a random variable?

Back

A random variable is a numerical outcome of a random phenomenon, defined by a rule that assigns a number to every outcome in a sample space.

Front

What is the probability of an event?

Back

The probability of an event is a measure of the likelihood that the event will occur, expressed as a number between 0 and 1.

Front

What is the binomial probability formula?

Back

The binomial probability formula is P(X = k) = (n choose k) * p^k * (1-p)^(n-k), where n is the number of trials, k is the number of successes, and p is the probability of success.

Front

How do you find the probability of getting at least one success in a binomial experiment?

Back

To find the probability of getting at least one success, calculate 1 minus the probability of getting zero successes: P(at least 1) = 1 - P(0).

Front

What is the mean of a normal distribution?

Back

The mean of a normal distribution is the central value around which the data is symmetrically distributed.

Front

What is the standard deviation in a normal distribution?

Back

The standard deviation measures the dispersion or spread of the data points around the mean in a normal distribution.

Front

How do you calculate the standard deviation of the difference between two independent random variables?

Back

To calculate the standard deviation of the difference, use the formula: σ_diff = √(σ1² + σ2²), where σ1 and σ2 are the standard deviations of the two variables.

Front

What is the significance of a normal distribution in statistics?

Back

A normal distribution is significant because many statistical methods assume that the data follows a normal distribution, allowing for the application of various statistical tests.