BiolExam2

Front

What is a gated ion channel?

Back

A type of transmembrane protein that opens and closes to allow ions to pass through the membrane only at certain times, often in response to specific stimuli.

Front

List the layers of the epidermis in the order a needle would pierce them from the outside in.

Back

Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, Stratum basale.

Front

What cellular process is most directly impacted by the absence of ribosomes?

Back

Protein synthesis.

Front

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Back

Lipid synthesis and metabolism, including the production of hormones and detoxification.

Front

Which layer of the epidermis contains melanocytes?

Back

Stratum basale.

Front

Define the term 'epidermis'.

Back

The outermost layer of skin, providing a barrier to infection and regulating water loss.

Front

What is the primary function of ion channels in cellular membranes?

Back

To facilitate the selective passage of ions across the cell membrane, crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Front

Explain the role of ribosomes in a cell.

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

Front

What is the significance of the stratum corneum?

Back

It is the outermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of dead cells that provide a protective barrier against environmental damage.

Front

Describe the function of melanocytes in the skin.

Back

Melanocytes are cells located in the stratum basale that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color and protection against UV radiation.