Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

Front

What is deductive reasoning?

Back

Deductive reasoning is a logical process where a conclusion is reached by applying general principles to specific cases. It starts with a general statement or hypothesis and examines the possibilities to reach a specific, logical conclusion.

Front

What is inductive reasoning?

Back

Inductive reasoning is a logical process where generalizations are made based on specific observations or examples. It involves looking at patterns and making predictions or conclusions that may not be certain.

Tags

CCSS.RI.8.1

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RL.11-12.1

CCSS.RL.8.1

CCSS.RL.9-10.1

Front

What is a syllogism?

Back

A syllogism is a form of deductive reasoning that consists of two premises followed by a conclusion. For example: 'All humans are mortal. Socrates is a human. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.'

Tags

CCSS.RI.8.1

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RL.11-12.1

CCSS.RL.8.1

CCSS.RL.9-10.1

Front

Example of deductive reasoning: If all mammals have lungs, and a dog is a mammal, what can we conclude?

Back

We can conclude that a dog has lungs.

Front

Example of inductive reasoning: If the sun has risen in the east every day of our lives, what can we conclude?

Back

We can conclude that the sun will rise in the east tomorrow.

Front

What is a valid conclusion in deductive reasoning?

Back

A valid conclusion in deductive reasoning is one that logically follows from the premises. For example, if the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true.

Front

What is the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning?

Back

Deductive reasoning starts with general principles and leads to a specific conclusion, while inductive reasoning starts with specific observations and leads to general conclusions.

Tags

CCSS.RI.8.1

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RL.11-12.1

CCSS.RL.8.1

CCSS.RL.9-10.1

Front

If it is raining, then the ground is wet. It is raining. What can we conclude?

Back

We can conclude that the ground is wet. (This is an example of deductive reasoning.)

Front

If all birds lay eggs and a penguin is a bird, what can we conclude?

Back

We can conclude that a penguin lays eggs. (This is an example of deductive reasoning.)

Front

What is a common mistake in inductive reasoning?

Back

A common mistake in inductive reasoning is making a hasty generalization, which is drawing a conclusion based on insufficient evidence.

Tags

CCSS.RI.8.1

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RL.11-12.1

CCSS.RL.8.1

CCSS.RL.9-10.1