Central Dogma and Transcription

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What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

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The Central Dogma describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein, outlining the processes of transcription and translation.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

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What occurs during transcription?

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Transcription is the process by which the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA).

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What are the three stages of interphase?

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The three stages of interphase are G1 phase (cell growth), S phase (DNA synthesis), and G2 phase (preparation for mitosis).

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What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

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RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes RNA from the DNA template during transcription.

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What is the significance of the S phase in the cell cycle?

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The S phase is significant because it is the stage where DNA is replicated, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

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What happens during telophase?

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During telophase, the separated chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell, and new nuclear membranes form around each set of chromosomes.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

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Define genotype.

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Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, specifically the alleles it possesses for a particular trait.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

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What is a phenotypic ratio?

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A phenotypic ratio is the ratio of different phenotypes (observable traits) that appear in the offspring from a genetic cross.

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What is the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?

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Mitosis is the process of nuclear division, while cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two separate daughter cells.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Front

What is the purpose of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?

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The G1 phase is primarily for cell growth and preparation for DNA replication.