Biotechnology

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What are restriction enzymes?

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Restriction enzymes are proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing scientists to isolate or manipulate DNA fragments.

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What does transgenic mean?

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Transgenic refers to an organism that has had DNA from another species inserted into its genome.

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What is the Human Genome Project?

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The Human Genome Project is an international scientific research initiative aimed at mapping and understanding all the genes of the human species.

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Why are bacteria used to produce insulin?

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Bacteria are used to produce insulin because they have simple DNA that is easier to manipulate, allowing for efficient production of insulin in laboratories.

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What is a plasmid?

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A plasmid is a small, circular piece of DNA found in bacteria that can replicate independently and is often used in genetic engineering.

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What is genetic engineering?

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Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology.

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What is cloning?

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Cloning is the process of creating a genetically identical copy of an organism or a cell.

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What is a genetically modified organism (GMO)?

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A GMO is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

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What role do vectors play in biotechnology?

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Vectors are vehicles used to transfer genetic material into a host cell, often used in gene cloning.

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What is DNA sequencing?

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DNA sequencing is the process of determining the exact order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule.