From DNA to Protein

Front

What type of RNA carries the instructions for making a protein from a gene to the site of translation?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the process of transferring genetic information from a gene in DNA to mRNA called?

Back

Transcription is the process where the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into mRNA.

Front

Which enzyme separates DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds that link the nitrogen bases?

Back

RNA polymerase is the enzyme that unwinds the DNA and synthesizes mRNA during transcription.

Front

How is RNA different from DNA?

Back

RNA is single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded. Additionally, RNA contains the sugar ribose and the nitrogen base uracil instead of thymine.

Front

What is the mRNA sequence for the DNA gene GAG-TTC-ACG-AAG?

Back

The mRNA sequence is CUC-AAG-UGC-UUC.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the mRNA codons.

Front

What is the function of rRNA in the cell?

Back

rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a key component of ribosomes, which are the sites of protein synthesis.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon in translation?

Back

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of protein synthesis and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Back

Transcription is the process of synthesizing mRNA from DNA, while translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.