Cultural and Material Deprivation in Education

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What is cultural deprivation?

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Cultural deprivation is when students lack the 'cultural equipment' such as language, self-discipline, and reasoning skills to do well in school.

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How does cultural deprivation affect working-class children by age 3?

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By age 3, working-class children are up to one year behind middle-class children, and this gap widens with age.

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What are the three main aspects of cultural deprivation?

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The three main aspects are: a) Language, b) Parents’ education, c) Subculture.

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How does language impact educational achievement according to cultural deprivation theorists?

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Language impacts cognitive development. Middle-class parents use language that challenges children, improving cognitive performance, while working-class parents use simpler language, limiting performance.

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What are Bernstein's speech codes?

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Bernstein identified two speech codes: The restricted code (used by working-class) with limited vocabulary and simple sentences, and the elaborated code (used by middle-class) with wider vocabulary and complex sentences.

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How does parents' education affect children's educational success?

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Educated parents value education more, are more ambitious for their children, engage in educational behaviors, and use income to promote educational success.

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What is the role of subculture in cultural deprivation?

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Subculture refers to working-class values that differ from mainstream culture, such as fatalism, collectivism, immediate gratification, and present-time orientation, which act as barriers to educational success.

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What is compensatory education?

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Compensatory education provides extra resources to schools and communities in deprived areas to tackle cultural deprivation, such as Operation Head Start and Sure Start.

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What is Keddie's criticism of cultural deprivation theory?

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Keddie argues that cultural deprivation theory is a myth that victim blames, suggesting children are culturally different, not deprived, and schools should cater to diverse needs.

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What is material deprivation?

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Material deprivation refers to poverty and lack of material necessities like housing and income, affecting educational achievement.