AP Biology: Unit 1 Review (CED)

Front

Why is water considered polar?

Back

Water is considered polar due to the presence of polar covalent bonds, where oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, leading to a partial negative charge on oxygen and a partial positive charge on hydrogen.

Front

What role does Rubisco play in photosynthesis?

Back

Rubisco is crucial for carbon fixation during the Calvin cycle, where it catalyzes the reaction of CO2 with ribulose bisphosphate (RUBP).

Front

In which direction is DNA/RNA synthesized?

Back

DNA/RNA synthesis occurs in the 5' to 3' direction, meaning new nucleotides are added to the 3' hydroxyl end.

Front

How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related?

Back

The energy captured in photosynthesis is used to power cellular respiration, creating a cycle of energy transformation between the two processes.

Front

What is the pathway for the movement of a secretory protein in a eukaryotic cell?

Back

The pathway for a secretory protein is Rough ER → Golgi → secretory vesicle → Plasma Membrane.

Front

Define polar covalent bond.

Back

A polar covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where electrons are shared unequally between two atoms, resulting in a molecule with a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other.

Front

What is the function of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Back

Chlorophyll absorbs light energy, primarily in the blue and red wavelengths, and converts it into chemical energy during photosynthesis.

Front

Explain the Calvin cycle.

Back

The Calvin cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplasts, where CO2 is fixed into glucose using ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions.

Front

What is the significance of the 3' hydroxyl group in nucleic acid synthesis?

Back

The 3' hydroxyl group is essential for the formation of phosphodiester bonds, allowing nucleotides to be added to the growing DNA or RNA strand.

Front

Describe the role of ATP in cellular processes.

Back

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) serves as the primary energy currency of the cell, providing energy for various biochemical reactions and processes.