Reasoning - Abductive, Deductive, Inductive

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What is deductive reasoning?

Back

Deductive reasoning is a logical process where a conclusion is drawn from a set of premises. If the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true.

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CCSS.RI.7.1

CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RI.8.1

CCSS.RL.7.1

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Example of deductive reasoning: All mammals have hearts. A dog is a mammal. Does a dog have a heart?

Back

Yes, a dog has a heart.

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CCSS.RI.6.1

CCSS.RI.7.1

CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RL.7.1

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What is inductive reasoning?

Back

Inductive reasoning involves making generalizations based on specific observations or examples. It suggests that if something is true in many cases, it is likely true in general.

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CCSS.RI.7.1

CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RL.6.1

CCSS.RL.7.1

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Example of inductive reasoning: 6 out of 8 students like video games. Can we conclude that most students like video games?

Back

Yes, we can conclude that most students likely like video games.

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What is abductive reasoning?

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Abductive reasoning is a form of logical inference that seeks the simplest and most likely explanation for observations. It may not always be correct.

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CCSS.RI.6.8

CCSS.RI.7.1

CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RI.8.1

CCSS.RL.7.1

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Example of abductive reasoning: The grass is wet. What could be the reason?

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It probably rained, but it could also be due to someone watering the garden.

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CCSS.RI.7.1

CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RI.8.1

CCSS.RL.7.1

CCSS.RL.8.1

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What is a premise in deductive reasoning?

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A premise is a statement or proposition that provides the foundation for a conclusion in deductive reasoning.

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CCSS.RI.6.1

CCSS.RI.7.1

CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RL.6.1

CCSS.RL.7.1

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What is a conclusion in deductive reasoning?

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A conclusion is the statement that follows logically from the premises in deductive reasoning.

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How does inductive reasoning differ from deductive reasoning?

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Inductive reasoning makes generalizations based on specific instances, while deductive reasoning draws specific conclusions from general principles.

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What is a common use of inductive reasoning?

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Inductive reasoning is often used in scientific research to form hypotheses based on observed data.

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CCSS.RI.6.8

CCSS.RI.7.1

CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RI.8.1

CCSS.RL.7.1