Genetics Review

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

What is the complementary base pairing in DNA?

Back

A pairs with T, and C pairs with G.

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA has a double helix structure, resembling a twisted ladder.

Front

What is transcription in genetics?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

Front

What is mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular machinery that assembles amino acids into proteins based on the sequence of mRNA.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Front

What is the start codon?

Back

The start codon is AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine and signals the beginning of protein synthesis.

Front

What is the end product of transcription?

Back

The end product of transcription is mRNA.