DNA Replication Flashcard

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What is the process of DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is the process by which a DNA molecule makes a copy of itself, resulting in two identical DNA molecules, each containing one old strand and one new strand.

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What is the role of DNA Helicase in DNA replication?

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DNA Helicase is the enzyme responsible for unwinding and unzipping the double-stranded DNA, allowing the replication process to occur.

Front

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur in eukaryotic cells?

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DNA replication occurs during the S phase (Synthesis phase) of the cell cycle.

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What is the function of DNA Polymerase?

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DNA Polymerase is the enzyme that adds free nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication.

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What is the role of DNA Ligase in DNA replication?

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DNA Ligase is the enzyme that connects the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, sealing the gaps in the sugar-phosphate backbone.

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What are Okazaki fragments?

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Okazaki fragments are short sequences of DNA nucleotides synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

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What is the significance of the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication?

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The semi-conservative nature of DNA replication ensures that each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand, preserving genetic information.

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What is the difference between leading and lagging strands in DNA replication?

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The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the same direction as the replication fork, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short segments (Okazaki fragments) in the opposite direction.

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What is the role of Primase in DNA replication?

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Primase is the enzyme that synthesizes a short RNA primer, which is necessary for DNA Polymerase to begin adding nucleotides.

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What are the building blocks of DNA?

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The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.