DNA/Protein Synthesis/Mutations

Front

What is the role of DNA in an organism?

Back

DNA serves as the genetic blueprint for an organism, encoding the information necessary to produce proteins.

Front

What is mRNA and its function in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

Where is DNA located in eukaryotic cells?

Back

DNA is located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Front

What are the base pairing rules in DNA?

Back

Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).

Front

What is transcription in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

Front

What is translation in protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A substitution mutation occurs when one base in the DNA sequence is replaced by another base.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation occurs when bases are added or deleted from the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon in protein synthesis?

Back

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid Methionine.